What is DHT and how does it cause hair loss?

DHT stands for dihydrotestosterone, which is a hormone that is derived from testosterone. It is an androgen, meaning it plays a role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics. DHT is produced from testosterone by the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. It is a more potent form of testosterone and binds to androgen receptors in cells throughout the body, including in the hair follicles on the scalp. In men who are genetically predisposed to hair loss, DHT can cause the hair follicles to shrink and produce shorter, thinner hairs, a process called miniturization. Over time, the hair follicles may stop producing hair altogether, leading to male pattern baldness. In addition to its role in hair loss, DHT is also involved in the development of the prostate gland and is implicated in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. For this reason, medications that block the production or activity of DHT, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are used to treat both hair loss and prostate conditions. It is important to note that while DHT is primarily associated with male physiology, it is also present in women in smaller amounts and may play a role in female hair loss and other androgen-related conditions.